--- abstract: |- Searle's celebrated Chinese Room Argument has shaken the foundations of Artificial Intelligence. Many refutations have been attempted, but none seem convincing. This paper is an attempt to sort out explicitly the assumptions and the logical, methodological and empirical points of disagreement. Searle is shown to have underestimated some features of computer modeling, but the heart of the issue turns out to be an empirical question about the scope and limits of the purely symbolic (computational) model of the mind. Nonsymbolic modeling turns out to be immune to the Chinese Room Argument. The issues discussed include the Total Turing Test, modularity, neural modeling, robotics, causality and the symbol-grounding problem. altloc: [] chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Harnad given: Stevan honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 1989 date_type: published datestamp: 2001-06-18 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/15/73 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 1573 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/text_html.png;/1573/1/harnad89.searle.html full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'computation, cognition, Turing Test, Chinese Room Argument, symbol grounding, categorisation, consciousness, transduction, sensorimotor processes, artificial intelligence, neural nets, Total Turing Test, modularity, neural modeling, robotics, causality, symbol-grounding problem' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:40 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: 5-25 pubdom: FALSE publication: Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Artificial Intelligence publisher: ~ refereed: TRUE referencetext: |- Abelson, R.P. 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