?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Cognitive+Ethology%2C+Vigilance%2C+Information+Gathering%2C+and+Representation%3A+Who+Might+Know+What+and+Why%3F&rft.creator=Bekoff%2C+Marc&rft.subject=Ethology&rft.description=Cognitive+ethology%2C+a+relatively+new+interdisciplinary+and+integrative+science%2C+is+under+attack+with+respect+to+its+scientific+status.+However%2C+there+also+are+strong+supporters+of+research+in+this+area.+In+this+paper+I+consider+(1)+some+of+the+topics+in+which+cognitive+ethologists+are+interested%2C+(2)+possible+connections+between+cognitive+analyses+of+social+behavior+and+philosophical+concepts+including+intentionality+and+representation%2C+(3)+recent+work+on+vigilance+or+scanning+behavior+in+highly+social+birds%2C+Evening+Grosbeaks+(Coccothraustes+vespertinus)%2C+that+benefits+from+taking+a+cognitive+perspective%2C+and+(4)+what+may+be+gained+by+taking+a+cognitive+approach+to+the+study+of+social+behavior+and+what+may+be+lost+by+not+doing+so.+My+study+of+vigilance+indicates+that+the+way+in+which+individuals+are+positioned+with+respect+to+one+another+influences+their+behavior%2C+and+that+when+a+flock+contains+four+or+more+birds+there+are+large+changes+in+scanning+and+other+patterns+of+behavior+that+may+be+related+to+how+grosbeaks+attempt+to+gather+information+about+other+flock+members.+When+birds+are+arranged+in+a+circular+array+so+that+they+can+see+one+another+easily+compared+to+when+they+are+arranged+in+a+line+that+makes+visual+monitoring+of+flock+members+more+difficult%2C+birds+who+have+difficulty+seeing+one+another+are+(i)+more+vigilant%2C+(ii)+change+their+head+and+body+positions+more+often%2C+(iii)+react+to+changes+in+group+size+more+slowly%2C+(iv)+show+less+coordination+in+head+movements%2C+and+(v)+show+more+variability+in+all+measures.+These+differences+in+behavior+argue+against+the+pooling+of+data+collected+on+individuals+feeding+in+different+geometric+arrays.+The+variations+in+behavior+also+may+say+something+about+if+and+how+individuals+attempt+visually+to+represent+their+group+to+themselves--how+they+form%2C+store%2C+and+use+records+of+the+behavior+of+others+to+inform+their+own+future+behavior.++&rft.date=1996&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F154%2F1%2F199708001.html&rft.identifier=++Bekoff%2C+Marc++(1996)+Cognitive+Ethology%2C+Vigilance%2C+Information+Gathering%2C+and+Representation%3A+Who+Might+Know+What+and+Why%3F++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F154%2F<script src='//archive-bar.soton.ac.uk/archive-bar.js'></script>