--- abstract: |-2 In this thesis we present our work, where we developed artificial societies of intelligent agents, in order to understand and simulate adaptive behaviour and social processes. We obtain this in three parallel ways: First, we present a behaviours production system capable of reproducing a high number of properties of adaptive behaviour and of exhibiting emergent lower cognition. Second, we introduce a simple model for social action, obtaining emergent complex social processes from simple interactions of imitation and induction of behaviours in agents. And third, we present our approximation to a behaviours virtual laboratory, integrating our behaviours production system and our social action model in animats. In our behaviours virtual laboratory, the user can perform a wide variety of experiments, allowing him or her to test the properties of our behaviours production system and our social action model, and also to understand adaptive and social behaviour. It can be accessed and downloaded through the Internet. Before presenting our proposals, we make an introduction to artificial intelligence and behaviour-based systems, and also we give notions of complex systems and artificial societies. In the last chapter of the thesis, we present experiments carried out in our behaviours virtual laboratory showing the main properties of our behaviours production system, of our social action model, and of our behaviours virtual laboratory itself. Finally, we discuss about the understanding of adaptive behaviour as a path for understanding cognition and its evolution. altloc: - http://jlagunez.iquimica.unam.mx/~carlos/asia/ASIA.zip - http://jlagunez.iquimica.unam.mx/~carlos/asia/asia.html chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Gershenson given: Carlos honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2001-03 date_type: published datestamp: 2001-05-08 department: Fundación Arturo Rosenblueth dir: disk0/00/00/14/77 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 1477 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/1477/3/ASIA.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: Fundación Arturo Rosenblueth isbn: ~ ispublished: unpub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'artificial societies, behaviour production systems, social action model, virtual laboratory' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:37 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: ~ pubdom: FALSE publication: ~ publisher: ~ refereed: TRUE referencetext: | Anderson, T. and Donath, M. (1990). Animal Behaviour as a Paradigm for Developing Robot Autonomy. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 6, pp. 145-168. Baerends, G. (1976). The functional organization of behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 24, pp. 726-735. Balkenius, C. and Morén, J. (1998). Computational Models of Classical Conditioning: A Comparative Study. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. MIT Press Bar-Yam, Y. (1997). Dynamics of Complex Systems. Addison-Wesley. Beer, R. D. (1990). Intelligence as Adaptive Behaviour: an Experiment in Computational Neuroethology. Academic Press. Beer, R. D., Chiel, H. and Sterling, L. (1990). A biological perspective on autonomous agent design. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 6, pp. 169-186. Beer, R. D., H. Chiel, K. Quinn, S. Espenschield, and P. Larsson (1992). A distributed neural network architecture for hexapod robot locomotion. Neural Computation 4 (3), pp. 356-365. Beer, R. D. and H. Chiel (1993). Simulations of cockroach locomotion and escape. In Beer, R., et. al. (Eds.), Biological Neural Networks in Invertebrate Neuroethology and Robotics. Academic Press. Booch, G. (1994). Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Breazeal, C. (1999). Imitation as Social Exchange between Humans and Robots. Proceedings of the 1999 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts (AISB99), pp. 96-104. Edinburgh, Scotland. Brooks, R. A. (1986). A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation. RA-2, April, pp. 14-23. Brooks, R. A. (1989). A robot that walks: Emergent behaviour from a carefully evolved network. Neural Computation, 1, pp. 253-262. Brooks, R. A., (1990). Elephants Don't Play Chess, Robotics and Autonomous Systems Vol. 6, pp. 3-15. Brooks, R. A. (1991). Intelligence without reason. Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kauffman. Brooks, R. A. (1993). A robot that walks: Emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network. In Beer, R., et. al. (eds.), Biological Neural Networks in Invertebrate Neuroethology and Robotics. Academic Press. Castelfranchi, C. (1997). Individual Social Action. In Holmstrom-Hintikka, G. and R. Tuomela (eds.), Contemporary Theory of Action Vol. II, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 163-192. Castelfranchi, C. (1998). Modelling social action for AI agents. Artificial Intelligence 103, pp. 157-182. Clark, A. (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again. MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Connell, J. (1989). A Colony Architecture for an Artificial Creature. Technical Report II 5 1, MIT AI Lab. Conway, J. (1970). The Game Of Life. Dennet, D. C. (1987). The Intentional Stance. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Doran, J. (1998). Simulating Collective Misbelief. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 1 (1). Engelmore, R., Morgan, A.J. and Nii, H.P. (1988). Hearsay II. In R. Engelmore and T. Morgan (Eds.) Blackboard Systems. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., London. Epstein, J. M. and R. L. Axtell (1996). Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. The Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D. C. & The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Genesereth, M. R. and S. P. Ketchpel (1994). Software agents. Communications of the ACM, 37 (7), pp. 48-53. Gershenson, C. (1997). El Juego de la Vida en Tres Dimensiones. Memorias X Congreso Nacional Sobre Informática y Computación, ANIEI. Monterrey, México. Gershenson, C. (1998a) Lógica multidimensional: un modelo de lógica paraconsistente. Memorias XI Congreso Nacional ANIEI, pp. 132-141. Xalapa, México. Gershenson, C. (1998b). Control de Tráfico con Agentes: CRASH. Memorias XI Congreso Nacional Sobre Informática y Computación, ANIEI, pp. 122-130. Xalapa, México. Gershenson, C. (1999). Modelling Emotions with Multidimensional Logic. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS '99), pp. 42-46. New York City, NY. Gershenson, C., P. P. González, and J. Negrete (2000a). Action Selection Properties in a Software Simulated Agent. In Cairó, O. et. al. MICAI 2000: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1793, pp. 634-648, Springer-Verlag. Gershenson, C., P. P. González, and J. Negrete (2000b). Thinking Adaptive: Towards a Behaviours Virtual Laboratory. In Meyer, J. A. et. al. SAB2000 Proceedings Supplement. Paris, France. ISAB Press. Gershenson, C. and P. P. González (2000). Dynamic Adjustment of the Motivation Degree in an Action Selection Mechanism. Proceedings of the International Systems and Applications Conference, ISA 2000. Wollongong, Australia. Goetz, P. and D. Walters (1997). The dynamics of recurrent behaviour networks. Adaptive Behaviour, 6 (2), pp. 245-282. Gode, D. and S. Sunder (1992). Allocative Efficiency of Markets with Zero Intelligence (ZI) Traders: Markets as a Partial Substitute for Individual Rationality. Working Paper No. 1992-16. Carnegie Mellon Graduate School of Industrial Administration. Gödel, Kurt (1931). Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme, I. Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik, vol. XXXVIII, pp. 173-198. Goldspink, C. (2000). Modelling Social Systems as Complex: Towards a Social Simulation Meta-model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 3 (2). González, P. P. (1995). Sistemas expertos facultativamente asociados en red cooperativa con arquitecturas de pizarrón: una aplicación en la consulta e interconsulta médica. MSc Thesis. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas/UNAM, México. González, P. P. (2000). Redes de Conductas Internas como Nodos-Pizarrón: Selección de Acciones y Aprendizaje en un Robot Reactivo. PhD. Dissertation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas/UNAM, México. González, P. P. and J. Negrete (1997). REDSIEX: A cooperative network of expert systems with blackboard architectures. Expert Systems, 14 (4), pp. 180-189. González, P. P., J. Negrete, A. J. Barreiro, and C. Gershenson (2000). A Model for Combination of External and Internal Stimuli in the Action Selection of an Autonomous Agent. In Cairó, O. et. al. MICAI 2000: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1793, pp. 621-633, Springer-Verlag. Hallam, B. E, J. Halperin and J. Hallam (1994). An Ethological Model for Implementation in Mobile Robots. Adaptive Behaviour, 3 (1), pp 51-79. Hogg, L. M. and N. R. Jennings, (1997) Socially Rational Agents, in Proc. AAAI Fall symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents, Boston, Mass., November 8-10, pp. 61-63. Hopfield, J. J. (1982). Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79, pp. 2554-2558. Jennings, N. R. (2000). On agent-based software engineering. Artificial Intelligence 117, pp. 277-296. Jennings, N. R. and J. R. Campos (1997). Towards a social lever characterization of socially responsible agents. IEE Proc. Software Engineering 144 (1) pp. 11-25. Kandel, E.R. (1976). Cellular Basis of Behaviour. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. Kandel, E.R. (1985). Cellular mechanisms of learning and the biological basis of individuality. In E.R. Kandel and J.H. Schwarts (Eds.), Principles of Neural Science. Elsevier, New York. Kupfermann, I.J. (1974). Feeding Behavior in Aplysia: A simple system for the study of motivation. Behavioural Biology 10, pp. 1-26. Lorenz, K. (1950). The comparative method in studying innate behaviour patterns. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 4, pp. 221-268. Lorenz, K. (1981). The Foundations of Ethology. Simon and Schuster, New York. Manning, A. (1979). An Introduction to Animal Behavior. Third edition. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co. Maes, P. (1990a). Situated agents can have goals. Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 6 (1&2). Maes, P. (1990b). A bottom-up mechanism for behaviour selection in an artificial creature. In J. A. Meyer and S.W. Wilson (ed.), From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour. MIT Press/Bradford Books. Maes, P. (1991) (ed.). Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice From Biology to Engineering and Back, MIT Press. Maes, P. (1993). Modelling Adaptive Autonomous Agents. Journal of Artificial Life, 1 (1-2), MIT Press. McFarland, D. (1981). The Oxford Companion to Animal Behavior. Oxford University Press. Meyer, J.A. and Guillot, A. (1990). Simulation of adaptive behavior in animats: Review and Prospect. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. MIT Press. Minsky, M. (1985). The Society of Mind. Simon & Schuster. New York, NY. Negrete, J. and M. Martínez (1996). Robotic Simulation in Ethology. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference: Robotics and Manufacturing, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 271-274. Negrete, J. and P. P. González (1998). Net of multi-agent expert systems with emergent control. Expert Systems with Applications, 14 (1) pp. 109-116. Nii, H. P. (1989). Blackboard Systems. In A. Barr, P. R. Cohen and E. A. Feigenbaum (Eds.) The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, volume IV. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Stanford, California. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. Oxford University Press. Pepperberg, I. M. (1991). Referential communication with an African Grey parrot. Harvard Graduate Society Newsletter, Spring, 1991, pp. 1-4. Pfeifer, R. and C. Scheier. (1999). Understanding Intelligence. MIT Press. Priest, G. and Tanaka, K. (1996). Paraconsistent Logic, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Resnick, M. (1994). Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds. MIT Press. Reynolds, C. W. (1987) Flocks, Herds and Schools: A distributed Behavioral Model. Computer Graphics, 21(4) (SIGGRAPH '87 Conference Proceedings), pp 25 - 34. Rosenblatt, K. and D. Payton (1989). A fine-grained alternative to the subsumption architecture for mobile robot control. Proceedings of the IEEE/INNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE. Rosenblueth, A. and N. Wiener (1968). Purposeful and non-purposeful behaviour, in Buckley, W. (ed.), Modern Systems Research for the Behavioural Scientist, Aldine, Chicago. Russel, S. and P. Norvig (1994). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Searle, J. R., (1980). Minds, brains and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:417-57. Shannon, C. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27 (July and October 1948), pp. 379-423 and 623-656. Reprinted in D. Slepian, (ed), Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory, IEEE Press, NY, 1974. Shoham, Y. (1993). Agent-oriented programming. Artificial Intelligence, 60 (1), pp. 51-92. Shoham, Y. and M. Tennenholtz, (1995). On Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies: Off-Line Design. Artificial Intelligence 73 (1-2): 231-252. Sims, K. (1994). Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition. In Brooks, R. and P. Maes (Eds.) Proceedings of Artificial Life IV, MIT Press. Steels, L. (1995). Building Agents out of Autonomous Behavior Systems. In Steels, L. and R. Brooks (eds.). The Artificial Life Route to Artificial Intelligence. Building Embodied Situated Agents. Lawrence Arlbaum Ass. Hillsdale, NJ. Steels, L. (1996). The Origins of Intelligence. In Proceedings of the Carlo Erba Foundation Meeting on Artificial Life. Fondazione Carlo Erba. Milano. Tinbergen, N. (1950). The hierarchical organization of mechanisms underlying instinctive behaviour. Experimental Biology, 4, pp. 305-312. Tinbergen, N. (1951). The Study of Instinct. Claredon Press. Tuomela, R. (1992). Group Beliefs. Synthese 91, pp. 285-318. Tuomela, R. (1993). What is Cooperation? Erkenntnis 38, pp. 87-101. Turing, A. M. (1936-7). On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proc. London Math. Soc. (2), 42, pp. 230-265. Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, LIX (236), pp. 433-460. Tyrrell, T. (1993). Computational Mechanisms for Action Selection. PhD. Dissertation. University of Edinburgh. Verschure, P. F. M. J. (1998). Synthetic Epistemology: The acquisition, retention, and expression of knowledge in natural and synthetic systems. Proceedings of the 1998 World Conference on Computational Intelligence, WCC '98, Anchorage, Alaska. IEEE. pp. 147-152. Wakefield, J. (2001). Complexity's Business Model. Scientific American, January, 2001, pp. 24,25. Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics; or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. Wilson, S. W. (1985). Knowledge growth in an artificial animal. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. Wooldridge, M. (1997). Agent-Based Software Engineering. IEEE Proc. Software Engineering 144 (1), pp. 26-37. Wooldridge, M. and N. R. Jennings (1995). Intelligent agents: Theory and practice. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10 (2), pp. 115-152. relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 12 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:37:56 subjects: - comp-sci-art-intel succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: BEng Thesis title: Artificial Societies of Intelligent Agents type: thesis userid: 1753 volume: ~