?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Interval-specific+event+related+potentials+to+omitted+stimuli+in+the+electrosensory+pathway+in+elasmobranchs%3A+an+elementary+form+of+expectation&rft.creator=Bullock%2C+T.H.&rft.creator=Karam%C3%BCrsel%2C+Sacit&rft.creator=Hofmann%2C+Michael+H.&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Behavioral+Biology&rft.subject=Brain+Imaging&rft.subject=Neurochemistry&rft.subject=Neural+Modelling&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.subject=Neurophysiology&rft.subject=Neurophysiology&rft.subject=Neuropsychiatry&rft.description=Multiunit+activity+and+slow+local+field+potentials+show+Omitted+Stimulus+Potentials+(OSP)+in+the+electrosensory+system+in+rays+after+a+missing+stimulus+in+a+3+to+%3E20+Hz+train+of+microvolt+pulses+in+the+bath%2C+at+levels+from+the+primary+medullary+nucleus+to+the+telencephalon.+A+precursor+can+be+seen+in+the+afferent+nerve.+The+OSP+follows+the+due-time+of+the+first+omitted+stimulus+with+a%2C+usually%2C+constant+main+peak+latency%2C+30-50+ms+in+medullary+dorsal+nucleus%2C+60-100+ms+in+midbrain%2C+120-190+ms+in+telencephalon+-+as+though+the+brain+has+an+expectation+specific+to+the+interstimulus+interval+(ISI).+The+latency%2C+form+and+components+vary+between+nerve%2C+medulla%2C+midbrain+and+forebrain.+They+include+early+fast+waves%2C+later+slow+waves+and+labile+induced+rhythms.+Responsive+loci+are+quite+local.+Besides+ISI%2C+which+exerts+a+strong+influence%2C+many+factors+affect+the+OSP+slightly%2C+including+train+parameters+and+intensity%2C+duration+and+polarity+of+the+single+stimulus+pulses.+Jitter+of+ISI+does+not+reduce+the+OSP+substantially%2C+if+the+last+interval+equals+the+mean%3B+the+mean+and+the+last+interval+have+the+main+effect+on+both+amplitude+and+latency.+Taken+together+with+our+recent+findings+on+visually+evoked+OSPs%2C+we+conclude+that+OSPs+do+not+require+higher+brain+levels+or+even+the+complexities+of+the+retina.+They+appear+in+primary+sensory+nuclei+and+are+then+modified+at+midbrain+and+telencephalic+levels.+We+propose+that+the+initial+processes+are+partly+in+the+receptors+and+partly+in+the+first+central+relay+including+a+rapid+increase+of+some+depressing+influence+contributed+by+each+stimulus.+This+influence+comes+to+an+ISI-specific+equilibrium+with+the+excitatory+influence%3B+withholding+a+stimulus+and+hence+its+depressing+influence+causes+a+rebound+excitation+with+a+specific+latency.&rft.date=1993&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F121%2F1%2Finterval_specific_event.htm&rft.identifier=++Bullock%2C+T.H.+and+Karam%C3%BCrsel%2C+Sacit+and+Hofmann%2C+Michael+H.++(1993)+Interval-specific+event+related+potentials+to+omitted+stimuli+in+the+electrosensory+pathway+in+elasmobranchs%3A+an+elementary+form+of+expectation.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F121%2F