?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Movement-Related+Potentials+and+Magnetic+Fields%3A++New+Evidence+for+SMA+Activation+Leading+MI+Activation+Prior+to+Voluntary+Movement&rft.creator=Deecke%2C+L&rft.creator=Lang%2C+W&rft.creator=Beisteiner%2C+R&rft.creator=Lindinger%2C+G&rft.creator=Cui%2C+R+Q&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.description=Movement+is+the+essence+of+life.+Without+movement+one+cannotachieve+anything.+Consequently%2C+during+evolution%2C+movement+has+been+optimized+to+highest+levels+of+precision.+Visible+sign+of+the+evolution+of+movement+is+that+more+and+more+brain+has+been+assigned+for+motor+purposes.+A+carnivore%C2%B4s+motor+cortex+is+just+a+%60dimple'+in+its+brain+supported+by+merely+a+minimal+frontal+cortex.+In+the+primate%2C+the+dimple+evolved+into+a+motor+strip+and+shifted+from+an+anterior+to+a+central+position%2C+in+order+to+accommodate+more+and+more+frontal+brain.+Homo+sapiens+neanderthalensis+with+his+sloping+forehead+still+had+less+frontal+cortex+than+Homo+sapiens+sapiens.+In+the+latter%2C+about+half+the+cortex+is+pre-rolandic%2C+assigned+to+motor+purposes+in+the+broader+sense%2C+i.e.+including+areas+that+supply+to+motor+such+as+premotor%2C+prefrontal%2C+etc.+areas.+These+frontal+supplier+areas+to+motor+are+involved+in+functions+such+as+motivation%2C+preparation%2C+volition%2C+will%2C+planning%2C+foresight%2C+active+anticipation%2C+precaution%2C+intent+to+act%2C+purposefulness%2C+goal-directedness%2C+etc.+i.e.+all+these+functions+are+frontal+in+location%2C+and+the+function+of+the+frontal+lobes+seems+to+be+almost+entirely+behavour-related+including+-+in+man+-+all+the+future-related+behavioural+aspects.+A+special+role+may+be+assigned+to+the+frontomesial+cortex+including+the+supplementary+motor+area+(SMA)+and+the+cingulate+motor+area+(CMA).+The+brain+apparatus+supporting+motor+is+among+the+most+recent+and+highly+organized+cerebral+structures+(neoneocortex)%2C+and+the+corticalization+of+movement+developed+in+a+saltatory+way+in+primate+phylogenesis.+There+are+many+movements+man+can+perform%2C+but+basically+there+are+only+two+primordial+categories+of+movements%3A+Self-initiated+voluntary+movements+%3D+actions+and+responsive+(externally+triggered)+movements+%3D+re-actions.+The+first+category+is+preceded+by+a+Bereitschaftspotential%2C+the+latter+occurs+between+S1+and+S2+of+a+re-action+paradigm+(Walter+et+al.+1964).+Regarding+the+BP%2C+recent+evidence+using+multichannel+(64)+DC-EEG+(time+constant+%5Btau%5D+%3D+%5Binfinity%5D)+computer-assisted+amplification+proved+that+the+earliest+activity+occuring+is+over+the+SMA%2FCMA.+Only+later+comes+the+primary+motor+area+(MI)+into+play.+This+was+also+shown+using+current+source+density+techniques+(laplacians+with+spline+interpolation)%2C+multichannel+(143)+MEG+and+FMRI.&rft.date=1997-08&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F10%2F1%2FFlorenzPap.html&rft.identifier=++Deecke%2C+L+and+Lang%2C+W+and+Beisteiner%2C+R+and+Lindinger%2C+G+and+Cui%2C+R+Q++(1997)+Movement-Related+Potentials+and+Magnetic+Fields%3A+New+Evidence+for+SMA+Activation+Leading+MI+Activation+Prior+to+Voluntary+Movement.++%5BPreprint%5D++++(Unpublished)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F10%2F