Cogprints
Login | Create Account

A Survey on Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria (Emphasis on gonococcal ophthalmia)

Iyamu, Dr Eghosasere and Enabulele, Dr Onaiwu (2003) A Survey on Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria (Emphasis on gonococcal ophthalmia). [Journal (On-line/Unpaginated)]

Full text available as:

[img]
Preview
PDF
116Kb

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum considering its ability to lead to childhood blindness through corneal ulceration and scarification. Eye swabs were obtained from 330 neonates of 1-5 days in the hospitals of study. Of these, 248 yielded growth and six bacterial genera were identified using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (60.5%) while Neisseria gonorrhoeae accounted for 1.7%. Susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates to four antibiotics were determined using Disk-diffusion tests. Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed 62.5 and 100% susceptibility to Erythromycin while 66.7% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and 62.5% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to Gentamicin. The incidence of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum for the period of study was 8.9 (cases per 1,000 live births). Prevention is through ocular prophylaxis by the application of either 1% silver nitrate ophthalmic solution or 0.5% erythromycin ointment to the neonates’ eyes some hours after birth. This would help to preserve vision and reduce to the barest minimum the incidence of childhood blindness.

Item Type:Journal (On-line/Unpaginated)
Keywords:Ophthalmia neonatorum, gonococcus, ocular prophylaxis, childhood blindness
Subjects:JOURNALS > Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences
ID Code:3230
Deposited By:Kakkilaya Bevinje, Dr. Srinivas
Deposited On:17 Oct 2003
Last Modified:12 Sep 2007 17:49

References in Article

Select the SEEK icon to attempt to find the referenced article. If it does not appear to be in cogprints you will be forwarded to the paracite service. Poorly formated references will probably not work.

. Kanski J.J. Clinical Ophthalmology.3rd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann-Int’l ed, Woburn, MA; 1998. p. 514.

2. O’Hara, M.A. Ophthalmia neonatorum. Pediatr Clin North Am 1993;40(4):715–25.

3. Franson L and Klauss V. Neonatal ophthalmia in developing countries (epidemiology, management and control). J Infect Dis 1986;11:189–96.

4. Kellos DS. Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence genetically united to clonal variation. J STD 1963;30:1274–9.

5. Prescott LM, Harley JP and Klein DA. Microbiology.4th ed. McGraw-Hills Co, U.S.A; 1999. p. 780.

6. Pierce JM, Wada ME and Seal U. Ophthalmia neonatorum in the 1980’s (incidence, etiology and treatment). Br J Clin Med 1982;2:162–3.

7. Population and Public Health Branch. Material Safety Data Sheet- Infectious substances. Health Canada 2001;1–4.

8. Desenclos JC, Garrity D, Scaggs M and Wroten J.E. Gonococcal infection of the newborn in Florida, 1984–1989. Sex Transm Dis 1992;19(2):105–110

9. Di Bartolomeo S, Mirta DH, Janer M, et al. Incidence of Chlamydia trachomitis and other potential pathogens in neonatal conjunctivitis. Int J Infect Dis 2001;5(3):139–43.

10. Isenberg SJ, Apt L and Wood M. The influence of perinatal infective factors on ophthalmia neonatorum. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1996;33(3):185-8.

11. Yetman R and Coody D. Conjunctivitis: A practice guideline. J Pediatric Health Care 1997;11(5):238–44.

12. Hammerschlag M. Neonatal conjunctivitis. Paediatric Annals 1993;22(6):346–351.

13. Zanoni D, Isenberg S and Apt L. A comparison of silver nitrate with erythromycin for prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum. Clinical pediatrics 1992;31:295–98.

14. Gao YN. Bacterial condition of low genital tract of pregnant women and neonatal infection. Chung Hua Fu Chan Ko Tsa Chih 1993;28(12)717–9, 759.

15. Goldbloom R.B. Prophylaxis for gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum . In: Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care. Ottawa: Health Canada 1994;168–75.

16. Lehman SS. An uncommon cause of ophthalmia neonatorum: Neisseria Meningitides. J AAPOS 1999;3(5):316.

17. Nsanze H, Dawodu A, Usmani A et al. Ophthalmia neonatorum in United Arab Emirates. Ann Trop Paediatr 1996;16(1):27–32.

I8. Ibhanesabhor SE and Otobo ES. In vitro activity of human milk against the Causative organisms of ophthalmia neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 1996;42(6):327–9.

19. Mani AR, and Vidya KC. A microbiological study of ophthalmia neonatorum in hospital-born babies. J Indian Med Assoc 1997;95(7):416–7, 421.

20. Schaller U, Mino de Kaspar H, Schriever S, et al. Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Rapid diagnosis and therapy. Ophthalmologie 1997;94(5):317–20.

21. Ramsey KH, Pousen CE and Motiu PP. The in vitro antimicrobial capacity of human colostrums against Chlamydia trachomatis. J Reprod Immunol 1998;38(2):155–67.

22. Coulaud JP. Sexually transmitted diseases and mother-infant transmission (epidemiology and prevention). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1991;84:436–40.

23. de Toledo AR and Chandler JW. Conjunctivitis of the newborn. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1992;6(4):807–13.

24. Hoosen AA, Kharsany AB and Ison C.A. Single low-dose ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia-implications for the national programme for the syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases. S Afri Med J 2002;92(3):238–40.

25. Whitcher J. Neonatal ophthalmia: Have we advanced in the last 20 years? Int’l Ophthalmol Clin 1990;30(1):39–44.

26. Dunn P.M. Dr Carl Crede (1819 – 1892) and the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000;83(2):F158–9.

27. Laga M, Plummer F, Piot P, et al. Prophylaxis of gonococcal and chlamydia ophthalmia neonatorum. New Engl J Med 1988;318(11):653-657.

28. Laga, M., Meheus, A.and Piot, P. Epidemiology and Control of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Bull World Health Organ 1989;67:471–7.

29. Isenberg S, Apt L and Wood M. (1995). The controlled trial of povidone-iodine as prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum. New Engl J Med 1995; 332(9):562- 566.

30. Bell T, Grayston T, Krohn M, et al. Randomised trial of silver nitrate, erythromycin and no eye prophylaxis for the prevention of conjunctivitis among newborns not at risk for gonococcal ophthalmitis. Pediatrics 1993;92(6):755-760.

31. Hammerschlag M, Cummings C, Roblin PM, et al. Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis. New Engl J Med 1989;320:769–772.

32. Isenberg SJ, Apt L, Yashimori R, et al. Povidone-Iodine for ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;118(6):701–6.

33. Kramer A, Below H, Behrens-Baumann W, et al. New Aspects of the Tolerance of the Antiseptic povidone-Iodine in Different ex vivo Models. Dermatology 2002;204 suppl1:86-91.

34. van Bogaert, L.J. Ophthalmia neonatorum revisited. Afr J Reprod Health 1998; 2(1):81-6.

35. WHO meeting on prevention of childhood blindness. World Health Organisation,1992.

36. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination: The periodic health examination, 1992, update: 4. Prophylaxis for gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Can Med Assoc J 1992;147:1449–54.

37. Gilbert, C. and Foster, A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020- the right to sight. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79(3):227–32.

Metadata

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Cogprints is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits.